“Healthy gut, healthy mind”: the gut–brain axis

The wall of the gut contains a separate nerve network made up of hundreds of millions of nerve cells. This network controls the movement of the gut, its secretions and its blood circulation. For this reason, the nervous system of the gut is sometimes called the “second brain.”

The gut and the brain are connected in both directions. This connection works through nerves (especially the vagus nerve), hormones, the immune system and products of the gut microbiota. Stress, anxiety and lack of sleep can affect the movement and sensitivity of the gut. Gut symptoms, in turn, affect mood and the quality of daily life.

A large part of the serotonin in the body is produced in the gut, where it takes part in regulating the movement of the gut. But gut serotonin does not pass directly to the brain. The link between gut health and mood is more complex and indirect, and scientific research is ongoing.

• In irritable bowel syndrome, stress can make symptoms worse, while managing stress is part of the treatment.
• Painful proctological problems, such as an anal fissure, cause fear of having a bowel movement and tension, which in turn makes constipation worse.
• Regular meals, sleep, physical activity and stress management are good both for the gut and for overall well-being.

• A fiber-rich, varied and regular diet
• Enough water
• Daily physical activity
• A sleep routine
• Stress-management methods that suit you: walks, breathing exercises, an activity you enjoy
• If gut symptoms last a long time, get examined by a doctor before looking for the cause in stress

Dr. Hasanova briefly explains this topic in Modern Hospital's video “Why is the gut considered a ‘second brain’?”